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[CentOS]安裝第三方套件加強YUM功能

Posted By 窮苦人家的小孩 On 2009 年 11 月 11 日 @ 下午 9:02 In 精華文章 | 2 Comments

YUM是個很好用的套件管理員，但是版本不一定會是最新也就不會是最安全，所以利用第三方套件來加強YUM的功能吧! ?
加速YUM套件升級
YUM預設是運用鏡像站來下載更新，這邊要做的是不尋找鏡像站，而直接指定到哪個鏡像站來下載套件。
編輯CentOS-Base.repo裡面的baseurl位置到CentOS各國的鏡像站，這邊選的是中華電信~
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base] name=CentOS-$releasever – Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[update] name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons] name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras] name=CentOS-$releasever – Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever – Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib – packages by Centos Users
[contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever – Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
所以只要先註釋掉mirrorlist再把http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/換上其他各國鏡像站的網址來符合你主機的所在位置就會很快! ?
台灣前三個都超快的~ 挑一個離自己近的用囉! ?
中華電信 IDC HTTP ^[1] FTP ^[2]
中山大學 HTTP ^[3]
交通大學 HTTP ^[4] FTP ^[5]
樹德科技大學 HTTP ^[6] FTP ^[7]
靜宜大學 HTTP ^[8] FTP ^[9]
台中縣教育網路中心 HTTP ^[10] FTP ^[11] Direct DVD
元智大學 HTTP ^[12] FTP ^[13] Direct DVD
老美
Facebook (Palo Alto, CA) HTTP ^[14] // 沒看錯~ 真的是灰死不可! ?
ESnet (Berkeley, CA) HTTP ^[15] FTP ^[16] RSYNC ^[17] Direct DVD // 這個一定快 =.= 美國能源局網路! 嚇嚇叫的呢~ ?
Easynews (Phoenix, AZ) HTTP ^[18] FTP ^[19] // 老牌的線上新聞群組…很老很老.. ?
FDCservers.net LLC (Chicago, IL) HTTP ^[20] FTP ^[21] // 主機商
Liquid Web, Inc. (Lansing, MI) HTTP ^[22] RSYNC ^[23] // 主機商
InterServer, Inc (Secaucus, NJ) HTTP ^[24] RSYNC ^[25] Direct DVD // 主機商
Ray Stedman Library (Houston, TX) HTTP ^[26] RSYNC ^[27] Direct DVD
歐洲荷蘭網路很發達，又是歐洲的資訊業樞紐，選荷蘭其實就OK了~
Association NLUUG (Amsterdam, Netherlands) HTTP ^[28] FTP ^[29] RSYNC ^[30] Direct DVD
LeaseWeb (Amsterdam, Netherlands) HTTP ^[31] FTP ^[32] RSYNC ^[33] Direct DVD
Liteserver.nl (Wageningen, Netherlands) HTTP ^[34] FTP ^[35] Direct DVD
Combi Networks (Manchester, United Kingdom) HTTP ^[36] FTP ^[37]
UK Mirror Service – Univ. Kent (Manchester, United Kingdom) HTTP ^[38] FTP ^[39] RSYNC ^[40] Direct DVD
官方的Mirrors List ^[41]還有很多國家的鏡像站~ CentOS full-mirrorlist.csv ^[42]
RPMforge ^[43]
先查詢自己的作業系統版本 uname -i 和 cat /etc/*-release 再下載對應的套件
i386 版本
rpm -ihv http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm rpm -ihv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
x86_64 版本
rpm -ihv http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm rpm -ihv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
—–
Jason’s Utter Ramblings Repo ^[44]
新增文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/utterramblings.repo
文件內容
[utterramblings] name=Jason's Utter Ramblings Repo baseurl=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/EL$releasever/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
存檔後執行
rpm --import http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
Dag Wieers ^[45]
新增文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
文件內容
[dag] name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
存檔後執行
rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
CentOS.Karan.Org ^[46]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://centos.karan.org/kbsingh-CentOS-Extras.repo wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://centos.karan.org/kbsingh-CentOS-Misc.repo
rpm --import http://centos.karan.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-karan.org.txt
Webtatic Repository ^[47]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/webtatic.repo
rpm --import http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-webtatic-andy
SIPfoundry sipXecs pbx ^[48]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://sipxecs.sipfoundry.org/pub/sipXecs/sipxecs-stable-centos.repo
RubyWorks ^[49]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://rubyworks.rubyforge.org/RubyWorks.repo
Pidgin, the universal chat client ^[50]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://rpm.pidgin.im/centos/pidgin.repo
kde-redhat.sf.net ^[51]
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://apt.kde-redhat.org/apt/kde-redhat/redhat/kde.repo
rpm --import http://kde-redhat.sourceforge.net/gpg-pubkey-ff6382fa-3e1ab2ca
OK了~ 以後執行yum -y update刷刷刷~ YUM的一大堆套件版本變得更豐富也更新了! ?
YUM指令介紹
yum update // 更新，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum -y update
yum install xxx // 安裝，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum install -y unzip
yum remove xxx // 移除，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum remove -y unzip
yum clean all // 清除暫存檔案
yum search xxx // 搜尋
yum list // 列出所有檔案
yum info xxx // 查詢檔案訊息
群組安裝功能：
yum grouplist
yum groupinfo // 範例 yum groupinfo “KDE Software Development”
yum groupinstall // 範例 yum groupinstall -y “KDE Software Development”
RPM基本指令介紹
rpm -ivh xxx // 安裝
rpm -e xxx // 移除
rpm -Uvh xxx // 升級
rpm -qa squid // 查看是否有安裝squid
rpm -q[licdR] // 已安裝的套件名稱
rpm -qf // 存在於系統上面的某個檔案
rpm -qc xxx | grep conf // 可以查看設定檔
rpm -qp[licdR] // 未安裝的某個檔案名稱
資料來源：
鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 >> 第二十三章、軟體安裝： RPM, SRPM 與 YUM 功能 ^[52]
官方維基 >> 安裝 RPMforge ^[53]