[CentOS]安裝第三方套件加強YUM功能

YUM是個很好用的套件管理員，但是版本不一定會是最新也就不會是最安全，所以利用第三方套件來加強YUM的功能吧! ?
加速YUM套件升級
YUM預設是運用鏡像站來下載更新，這邊要做的是不尋找鏡像站，而直接指定到哪個鏡像站來下載套件。
編輯CentOS-Base.repo裡面的baseurl位置到CentOS各國的鏡像站，這邊選的是中華電信~
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base] name=CentOS-$releasever – Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[update] name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons] name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras] name=CentOS-$releasever – Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever – Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib – packages by Centos Users
[contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever – Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
所以只要先註釋掉mirrorlist再把http://mirror01.idc.hinet.net/CentOS/換上其他各國鏡像站的網址來符合你主機的所在位置就會很快! ?
台灣 前三個都超快的~ 挑一個離自己近的用囉! ?
中華電信 IDC HTTP FTP
中山大學 HTTP
交通大學 HTTP FTP
樹德科技大學 HTTP FTP
靜宜大學 HTTP FTP
台中縣教育網路中心 HTTP FTP Direct DVD
元智大學 HTTP FTP Direct DVD
老美
Facebook (Palo Alto, CA) HTTP // 沒看錯~ 真的是灰死不可! ?
ESnet (Berkeley, CA) HTTP FTP RSYNC Direct DVD // 這個一定快 =.= 美國能源局網路! 嚇嚇叫的呢~ ?
Easynews (Phoenix, AZ) HTTP FTP // 老牌的線上新聞群組…很老很老.. ?
FDCservers.net LLC (Chicago, IL) HTTP FTP // 主機商
Liquid Web, Inc. (Lansing, MI) HTTP RSYNC // 主機商
InterServer, Inc (Secaucus, NJ) HTTP RSYNC Direct DVD // 主機商
Ray Stedman Library (Houston, TX) HTTP RSYNC Direct DVD
歐洲 荷蘭網路很發達，又是歐洲的資訊業樞紐，選荷蘭其實就OK了~
Association NLUUG (Amsterdam, Netherlands) HTTP FTP RSYNC Direct DVD
LeaseWeb (Amsterdam, Netherlands) HTTP FTP RSYNC Direct DVD
Liteserver.nl (Wageningen, Netherlands) HTTP FTP Direct DVD
Combi Networks (Manchester, United Kingdom) HTTP FTP
UK Mirror Service – Univ. Kent (Manchester, United Kingdom) HTTP FTP RSYNC Direct DVD
官方的Mirrors List還有很多國家的鏡像站~ CentOS full-mirrorlist.csv
RPMforge
先查詢自己的作業系統版本 uname -i 和 cat /etc/*-release 再下載對應的套件
i386 版本
rpm -ihv http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ihv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
x86_64 版本
rpm -ihv http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ihv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
—–
Jason’s Utter Ramblings Repo
新增文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/utterramblings.repo
文件內容
[utterramblings] name=Jason's Utter Ramblings Repo
baseurl=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/EL$releasever/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
存檔後執行
rpm --import http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
Dag Wieers
新增文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
文件內容
[dag] name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
存檔後執行
rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
CentOS.Karan.Org
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://centos.karan.org/kbsingh-CentOS-Extras.repo
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://centos.karan.org/kbsingh-CentOS-Misc.repo
rpm --import http://centos.karan.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-karan.org.txt
Webtatic Repository
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/webtatic.repo
rpm --import http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-webtatic-andy
SIPfoundry sipXecs pbx
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://sipxecs.sipfoundry.org/pub/sipXecs/sipxecs-stable-centos.repo
RubyWorks
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://rubyworks.rubyforge.org/RubyWorks.repo
Pidgin, the universal chat client
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://rpm.pidgin.im/centos/pidgin.repo
kde-redhat.sf.net
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://apt.kde-redhat.org/apt/kde-redhat/redhat/kde.repo
rpm --import http://kde-redhat.sourceforge.net/gpg-pubkey-ff6382fa-3e1ab2ca
OK了~ 以後執行yum -y update刷刷刷~ YUM的一大堆套件版本變得更豐富也更新了! ?
YUM指令介紹
yum update // 更新，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum -y update
yum install xxx // 安裝，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum install -y unzip
yum remove xxx // 移除，加上 -y 就可以不用確認，直接安裝，範例 yum remove -y unzip
yum clean all // 清除暫存檔案
yum search xxx // 搜尋
yum list // 列出所有檔案
yum info xxx // 查詢檔案訊息
群組安裝功能：
yum grouplist
yum groupinfo // 範例 yum groupinfo “KDE Software Development”
yum groupinstall // 範例 yum groupinstall -y “KDE Software Development”
RPM基本指令介紹
rpm -ivh xxx // 安裝
rpm -e xxx // 移除
rpm -Uvh xxx // 升級
rpm -qa squid // 查看是否有安裝squid
rpm -q[licdR] // 已安裝的套件名稱
rpm -qf // 存在於系統上面的某個檔案
rpm -qc xxx | grep conf // 可以查看設定檔
rpm -qp[licdR] // 未安裝的某個檔案名稱
資料來源：
鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 >> 第二十三章、軟體安裝： RPM, SRPM 與 YUM 功能
官方維基 >> 安裝 RPMforge